Do-it-yourself construction of the veranda should be taken responsibly. First you need to decide what it will be and draw up a project. It is necessary to select tools and materials, choose the right foundation and draw up the extension documented. Then subsequently you do not have to redo it.

Types of Verandas

Depending on the desire and possibilities of the extension, they can be of various types. In summer cottages, unheated light verandas on a columnar foundation are often attached. If there is a desire to make heating, then you can choose from various options. For the veranda, weighted with building materials and equipment, should make a capital foundation.

By heating

The extension can be heated without heating. Usually closed buildings are heated, and open buildings are used only in the summer. There are different types of heating for the veranda.

Important! When deciding to install a heating system on the veranda, it is also necessary to take care of the insulation of windows, doors, roofs and floors. You should also check that there are no gaps anywhere.

Consider the main ones:

1. Water. To make such heating, it is necessary to lay pipes. To do this, you will need to drill the necessary holes in the walls. Then, using a welding machine, connect them to the heating system. Of course, all this is quite time-consuming, since you need to have welding skills. Still need to drain the water from the system. Water heating can be equipped with radiators, as well as built into the skirting or underfloor heating.
2. Gas. To install such a heating system, it is necessary to lay the necessary communications, as well as collect all the permits. This type is the most economical and convenient to use.
3. Electric. Provides heating with electricity. The most common option are oil coolers. They can be stationary and mobile. They are easy to use, they are reliable and economical. Another option for heating the room are heating elements and heaters, UV emitters. The latter option produces not only heat, but also light. Another popular type are IR emitters. Such rays do not give light and do not carry heat. They warm up all the objects on which they fall. In this case, the heating of the veranda occurs evenly and without noise. This type of electric heating is the most saving. Alternatively, on the covered veranda, you can use the electric system "warm floor". This solution will save space because the heat source will be under the floor.
4. Stove. For it should equip a stove or fireplace. You will also need fuel in the form of firewood or coal. It is now popular to use a stove with a built-in fireplace. This combination increases the efficiency of heating the air and looks very aesthetically pleasing. This heating system can be made of metal or refractory bricks. On the stove you can make a hob for cooking.

By type of foundation

For the arrangement of the veranda, they mainly use a slightly buried and not buried type of foundation.

Such a fundamental basis is of the following types:

1. Tiled. Usually it is chosen when the underground water table is close to the ground, as well as when using heavy building materials for the construction of a veranda. This option will be expensive and time-consuming.
2. Tape. The most common type. It can be done by pouring concrete mortar or using ready-made blocks of concrete, expanded clay and other suitable materials. This foundation is reliable and easy to install. It is worth noting that it can not be installed on swampy soil and with a close occurrence of groundwater. Although in these cases the tape fundamental foundation can be made wider and deeper, as well as strengthen it with reinforcement.
3. Columnar. The easiest to install and cheapest for the price. In this case, the blocks are placed on a prepared pillow made of gravel (crushed stone) or in special pits. On top of it, a grillage is installed, which plays a supporting role for the walls. Such a foundation can be equipped on any soil. It should be noted that this type is suitable for lighter verandas made of wood or double-glazed windows. For heavier building materials it is not used. If you select this option, it will not be possible to make a subfield.
4. Pile. In this case, metal or asbestos-cement pipes are used, which are buried in the ground. The most popular are screw piles that are well suited to all types of soil. Moreover, they are recommended to be used if the site for the construction of the veranda has a slope. Piles are affordable, but their installation requires precision, and often - the use of special equipment. The most quickly installed screw piles. For small sizes you will not need expensive equipment.

Preparatory stage

Usually with their own hands they build a veranda of wood. This is an affordable, inexpensive material that requires a common tool. For the veranda you need to choose the best place, determine its size and draw up a detailed drawing. Then you should purchase tools and materials. Before the construction of the veranda, you should familiarize yourself with the design of this extension and start collecting the necessary package of documents.

Important! The materials and the general view of the annex must correspond to the main building.

Drawings and dimensions of the extension

The veranda is usually built on the entire length of the wall. It is recommended to build it from the other side of the house, from where the best view opens. If you intend to set up a winter garden on the veranda, then it is better to choose the south-western wall. Most often, such extensions are 2.5–4 m wide. The walls are 3–6 m long. In any case, it is not recommended to make such an extension less than 1.8 m wide.

When choosing building parameters, they are guided by the dimensions of the main building and the number of people who will be located there. If for two people an extension of 2 × 2 m is enough, then to find 6 people you will need an area of ​​at least 8 m². A veranda with heating or a stove (barbecue) will require even more spaciousness. The most popular shape for the veranda is a rectangle, but it can be semicircular or hexagonal. Sometimes a small extension is made as a vestibule.

Window openings should not be higher than the level of 0.6 m. Windows may be dull or opening. Professionals advise them to alternate. The veranda can be with an entrance door and without it. If you decide to make a doorway, then it should be located so as not to interfere with the location of equipment and furniture. They must be indicated on the drawing. Sliding systems help save space. There are projects of verandas located on the roof of a garage or a private house. This is done with a lack of territory.

Necessary materials and tools

For a wooden building, you must check for the following tools:

• shovel;
• ax;
• hacksaw;
• hammer;
• roulette;
• square;
• plumb line;
• building level;
• cord with pegs.

An extension of wood is built from the following materials:

• concrete;
• crushed stone;
• timber or logs;
• boards;
• Reiki
• nails and screws;
• drying oil;
• roofing material;
• roofing material.

The roof is made of the same material as the roof of the house. Wooden elements should be treated against rot and woodworkers. You may need a door frame with a door and window units. Single glazing can be made with your own hands from glass or polycarbonate. For heated winter verandas, it is recommended to order ready-made window units with double or triple glazing.

Paperwork

An important point is the correct design of such an extension.

In this case, you must adhere to:

• tax code;
• urban planning code;
• FZ-218 of July 13, 2015, On State Registration of Real Estate.

For the capital extension, with which the old house is expanded, you need to collect the following documentation package:

• papers confirming ownership of the land and the house;
• a certificate from the BTI and a new data sheet;
• extract from the house book about living in the house;
• construction plan and drawings;
• project redevelopment of the house, approved by the department of architecture of local authorities;
• documents from the heating system, water supply, fire and gas inspection, sanitary and epidemiological station, which all comply with existing standards;
• you need to pay the state fee and visit the Rosreestr for the official registration of the building;
• photo of the whole land and house;
• permits from neighbors for the construction of the building.

Important! If the completion violates the rights and interests of neighbors, other owners, then through the court they can force them to be removed.

Recent documents should be issued only when the construction will take place close to the neighboring site. In addition, if there are buildings without documents, it can be difficult to sell a house. When the entire package of permits is completed, you can proceed to the construction process itself. If the building is non-capital, it is enough to visit the BTI and obtain permission from other owners of the house for construction.

Step-by-step instructions for building a veranda

After choosing a place for the veranda, you need to clear it and mark the perimeter of the extension. Then they make a foundation suitable for the type of soil and structure. For the winter veranda, good insulation is required. At the last stage, they make an internal arrangement.

Foundation

Having drawn up the project and the drawing of the veranda, you should decide on the type of foundation. The most popular type for light small verandas is columnar. It is done for unheated verandas (or temporarily heated). If the extension will be used for people living all year round, then a strip foundation should be made and linked to the main building. For him, they dig a trench below the depth of freezing of the soil. Then the formwork is installed and the concrete mixture is poured.

In most cases, temporarily used light verandas are built on cottages on cottages on a column foundation. When choosing a foundation should take into account the type of soil, the depth of freezing, the location of groundwater. It does not hurt to ask what foundation the main structure has.

Step-by-step instruction for the construction of a column foundation:

1. Dig in the pit markings slightly more than the calculated depth by the size of the gravel and sand cushion. For a small light veranda, they are made in the corners of the building, and on large extensions they are performed more often with a step depending on the weight of the building. On average, it is 1.5–2.5 m.
2. At the bottom of the pits, make a pillow of crushed stone 10-15 cm thick. On top of it, sand, previously wetted.
3. Install the formwork and place the reinforcement inside.
4. Make a concrete mixture and fill it with the prepared place. Insert studs into concrete for fastening with grillage.

When the concrete hardens, a wooden beam, playing the role of a grillage, is attached to the fastener elements. The most common beam size is 200 × 150 mm.

Did you know? A vivid example of the unsuccessful construction of the foundation is the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy. Due to the soft soil structure of the earth and the not very deep foundation, this structure deviated from the straight axis during the construction of the third floor.

Flooring

The floor of the wooden veranda is made of cross-section timber and boards. First, lags are installed along the harness. The evenness of their installation is checked by the level. Then make the flooring from the boards. Its finishing consists in painting with varnish or paint. Most prefer special protective varnishes, as they perfectly emphasize the structure of the tree. If an uneven board was used for the floor, then it must be sanded before applying paints and varnishes. Wooden veranda materials should be treated against insects and rot.

It is recommended to provide insulation in a closed veranda. This is especially true for heated winter outbuildings. Bulk materials (expanded clay, slag), mineral wool, polystyrene, cork can be used as insulation. They are placed after installing the lag, and then do the flooring. Between the insulation and the floor there should be several millimeters of a layer for air circulation. This will prevent rotting of the boards.

Walling

A wooden veranda is most often built of timber with a cross section of 100 × 100 mm and above. The first row is attached to the foundation grillage. The corners of the beam are connected by the dovetail method. It is better to strengthen the fastening with nails. For the veranda with significant glazing, first install supports from the beam on which the roof will rest. Then the space between them is filled with window frames. The supporting elements near the wall are made higher to create a ramp.

A good technique would be the use of a double bottom harness, in which floor logs and support posts will be installed.The installation of supports and each row of the wall must be checked by plumb and level. To align the walls and supports, temporary struts are installed. The pillars or walls of the veranda can be built of bricks. For a brick wall, you will need to make a strip foundation.

Roof and roof

First, a rafter structure according to the drawings is assembled from a wooden bar. Most often they make a shed roof, so this option is going to be the most simple. Then make a crate of strips, lay the insulation, and on top of it - the selected roofing material.

Did you know? The word "brick" came to the Russian language from the Turkic language. It consists of the words “kyr” and “pesh”, which translate as “face” and “oven”.

Interior decoration and fittings

If the veranda does not warm up, then it is necessary to equip it so that often do not do repairs due to cold or damp. In this case, you need to use high-quality and resistant to external influences material for decoration.

To cover the floors, you can take a laminate or floor slabs. The walls of the veranda made of wood are better covered with a clapboard, which will create additional comfort in the room. This material is quite resistant to external factors and will last a long time. It can be painted in any color suitable for the interior. Walls made of foam blocks are better faced with suitable material to hide the seams.

The ceiling can be finished with drywall, plywood or equip a hinged option. It is important to choose lighter materials so that there is no unnecessary load on the foundation.

As for the interior design, here you can choose a style for every taste - oriental, classic, eco, provence and more. Furniture and all other elements are selected for the selected design. The only rule is that it must be resistant to moisture and temperature changes. It can be plastic, wooden, forged, wicker. The rattan country furniture looks very nice. An interesting and convenient option is modular furniture on a rigid frame. From it, at will, you can assemble a sofa or bed.

Designers recommend using the following decor elements:

• cute pillows and covers for chairs, couches and other seats;
• embroidered tablecloths on the table;
• curtains or blinds on the windows;
• flowers in unusual flowerpots (can be outdoor);
• to give a note of romance, you need to put candles in beautiful candlesticks, aroma lamps;
• paintings, family photos in beautiful frames to hang on the walls.

Some people prefer to arrange a winter garden on the veranda, while for others it is a food and relaxation area. On large verandas they like to have parties and receive guests, therefore, on the verandas they often equip a barbecue. It can be combined with a stove or fireplace.

Did you know? In ancient times, the state of the stove was determined by the weather. If a strong draft appeared in it, then it will be frost, and a weaker one means that it will rain. Frost will also predict red fire and cracking firewood. But if the flame is white and the burning tree does not crack, then there will soon be warming.

A well-designed and well-built porch will be a great place for leisure. If desired, it can be made a capital structure, but in this case more permits and building materials will be required.